In her latest column, Dr Lesley Russell takes a deep dive into climate and environmental issues, and continues to meticulously document how the Trump Administration is undermining health, in the United States and more widely.
The column also includes a stack of research updates, including news from Finland that arthroscopic surgery for knee pain due to torn and degenerative cartilage does not help more than physical therapy.
The quotable?
The climate denial playbook is running out of road.”
Lesley Russell writes:
Much of this edition of The Health Wrap was written while we were sharing a holiday house at Sea Ranch, a cliffside community on the Sonoma Coast in California, with long-time friends from Washington DC.
This is an annual event that revolves around hiking along the rugged coastline, looking for seals, sea birds and (occasionally) whales, reading in our own sunny corners of the house, major discussions about what to cook, good music, and endless analyses of what is going wrong in Washington.
The joy of being together definitely offsets the doom and gloom political scenarios!
Perhaps because I am spending most of my days outdoors, there is a strong emphasis on climate and the environment in this edition of The Health Wrap.
As the World Health Organization acknowledges, climate and environmental changes directly threaten our health and wellbeing by increasing extreme weather hazards, altering infectious disease patterns, and worsening food and water security.
As always, there’s a rash of US political news, none of it good.
Extreme weather
Northern California is as dreadfully dry as Colorado; everyone in this part of the United States is in fear of wildfires. Millions of Americans are facing extreme summer weather threats.
A key issue in the west is the fate of the shrinking Colorado River – a crucial water supply for 40 million people across two countries, seven states and 30 tribes.
Water levels behind two of the nation’s largest dams are in danger of dropping so low that the dams stop functioning. Lake Mead in Nevada is now 27 percent full. Lake Powell, on the Utah-Arizona border, is at just 23 percent capacity. If it drops much lower, water won’t reach the intakes to generate hydroelectric power.
The overwhelming majority of river water – roughly 75 percent of direct human use – goes to agriculture, primarily for irrigating feed crops for cattle. Some 5.5 million acres of farmland are irrigated by the Colorado River.
There is much here that echoes the problems Australia faces with the management of the Murray – Darling system.
A patchwork of treaties, laws, court rulings and interstate agreements governs water use from the Colorado River, with the 1922 Colorado River Compact at the centre. When the Compact was negotiated, states assumed that roughly 18 million acre-feet of water would flow through the basin each year. Experts say the river almost never has contained that much water and climate change has now dramatically depleted flows.
A new report from the University of Colorado Boulder predicts that flows in the Colorado River could drop 30 percent more by 2050 due to climate change, and that pre-climate flow levels are not coming back.
The 19-year-old regulations for managing water shortages in the Colorado basin are due to expire at the end of this year and the river’s disparate users have been unable to agree on a rescue plan.
With the Trump Administration in overall charge, everyone cringes to think what the outcomes of current negotiations could be. The new rules are expected to be announced this week. Will Trump look to punish Democratic states like Colorado and California?
There is a long and interesting article on the looming decisions that must be made here in the Washington Post (there is a paywall).
An article here outlines what the author calls a “climate doom loop,” where the endless damming and diversion of the Colorado River causes greenhouse gas emissions that only make the problem worse.
Climate denial playbook challenged
A quick segue here to a new report from the National Academy of Sciences that says climate attribution science has moved beyond asking whether human-caused global warming is driving deadly heat waves, floods and wildfires. The focus is now on how severe future impacts will become as extreme events increasingly overlap.
[Attribution science measures how much human-caused global warming influences an extreme weather event, making it more likely or more intense.]University of Pennsylvania climate scientist Professor Michael Mann said this report stands as “a clear, affirmative statement that human-caused climate change is indeed impacting the occurrence and intensity of extreme weather events”.
It acknowledges that scientific advances have increased confidence in the results of attribution studies and refutes “the dismissive claims made by fossil fuel groups and right-wing think tanks,” he said.
If you follow my #skibum links on BlueSky every winter – or if you are ski enthusiast like me – then you will know that the snowfalls in the Rockies in the last northern hemisphere winter were well below average.
Now an attribution science paper published in PNAS finds that the 2026 western US snow drought was about four times more likely due to climate change than “normal” weather patterns. That’s scary!
Meanwhile, wildfires and heatwaves are devastating regions of France and Spain, causing the evacuation of hundreds of thousands of people, heightening alarm about the climate crisis.
Anti-vaccine agenda
A report from Reuters details how Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Robert F Kennedy Jr planned to go much further than he has in pushing his anti-vaccine agenda but was deterred by his senior reports.
Kennedy proposed diverting US$5 billion from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (that’s approximately 10 percent of the NIH’s annual budget) to study the debunked link between vaccines and autism.
Fortunately, NIH director Dr Jay Bhattacharya convinced Kennedy the agency had already dedicated enough resources to studying autism.
Additionally, Kennedy sought to eliminate the federal childhood immunisation schedule entirely.
He did proceed to unilaterally alter the schedule, removing vaccines for six out of 17 diseases from the recommended childhood vaccination schedule, but this has been put on hold by a federal judge in response to a lawsuit from the American Academy of Pediatrics and other medical groups.
Kennedy looks to make changes to vaccine injury table
Recent news reports indicate that HHS will propose an injury table for COVID-19 vaccines and treatments under the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP). This would extend a project that Kennedy has pursued since taking office: expanding the machinery of vaccine injury compensation.
Currently, only two CICP injury tables exist: one for smallpox and another for pandemic influenza H1N1.
Experts agree that it would be a good thing for well-established COVID-19 countermeasure-related injuries, such as myocarditis following mRNA vaccination, to be listed on the CICP.
However, there are concerns that Kennedy will add more speculative or weakly supported conditions and that he could turn the compensation table into a vehicle for validating unsupported injury narratives.
Kennedy has also taken steps to restructure the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP). You can read more here.
Abortion rights
Abortion rights are on the midterm ballots in four states.
As Trump has pushed Republican-led states to pass an onslaught of abortion restrictions, some Democrat-controlled legislatures have gone in the opposite direction, working to codify protections and, in a few cases, even increase access.
But the Trump/Republican approach to reproductive health rights does not have widespread support. A solid majority of Americans – routinely between 57 percent and 64 percent – believe abortion should be legal in all or most cases.
The protection and expansion of abortion rights are on the ballot for the midterm elections in four states (all currently led by Republicans).
Idaho voters will decide whether to roll back the state’s abortion ban.
Voters in Virginia and Nevada – both states where abortion is already legal through to at least 24 weeks of pregnancy – are considering state constitutional amendments to create a right to abortion.
In Missouri, which in 2024 became the first state to use a constitutional amendment to undo an abortion ban, voters are being asked to override that to bring back an abortion ban, with limited exceptions, and to write into the state constitution a ban on some gender-affirming care for minors.
Abortion issues are one way to get voters, especially those who are pro-choice, to the polls.
Public confidence
A recent Gallup poll shows that Americans’ confidence in US institutions remains historically low.
Gallup has rated 14 institutions annually since 1993: these include seven public sector (the presidency, Congress, the public schools, the Supreme Court, the military, the criminal justice system and the police) and seven private sector entities (banks, big business, organised labour, the medical system, newspapers, television news, and the church or organised religion).
Twelve of the 14 institutions are at or near their lowest points. Banks and organised labour are the only exceptions, each registering seven points above their historical lows.
Confidence in large technology companies has fallen steadily from 32 percent in 2020 to 20 percent.
Republicans are now 13 points more confident in US institutions than Democrats.
Americans no longer appear to share a broad faith in core civic, social and government institutions; instead, their confidence varies with who holds political power.
Concerns about appointees
Trump has nominated Dr Erica Schwartz to be the next head of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (we can assume that Kennedy had some say in this appointment, but how much is unclear).
Schwartz previously served as a deputy Surgeon General in the first Trump Administration; she is Trump’s third nominee in two years to lead the CDC.
She was seen by most as a reasonable choice, but then, at her Senate hearing, she frustrated both Democrats and the Republican committee chairman Dr Bill Cassidy, who repeatedly questioned whether she would protect the agency from political meddling (her predecessor Dr Susan Monarez pushed back against Kennedy’s vaccine agenda and was fired after being on the job for less than a month).
Schwartz pledged “radical transparency” and said she would “never betray the science”. But she did not directly respond to what she would do if Kennedy ordered her to do something unsupported by science.
When asked if she would merely rubber-stamp vaccine recommendations from Kennedy’s handpicked CDC advisory panel, Schwartz naively insisted Kennedy would not ask it of her.
“We need a CDC director that will actually stand up to crazy, stupid things being said that undermine faith in immunisation,” Cassidy said.
At the time of writing (23 July), the scheduled committee vote on Schwartz’s nomination has been postponed. And it appears that Schwartz will get Cassidy’s vote.
The Trump Administration’s nominee for Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) – the HHS agency tasked with coordinating the medical and public health response to natural disasters, emerging infectious diseases, and bioterrorism threats – has also faced Senate scrutiny.
Sean Kaufman was grilled by senators over his past social media posts in which he questioned the safety of the hepatitis B vaccine for infants and promoted the debunked link between vaccines and autism.
The planned committee vote on Kaufman’s nomination has also been delayed, purportedly to allow further conversations between the Administration and senators.
Health and the upcoming midterms
A new KFF Health Tracking Poll shows healthcare costs top the list of voters’ healthcare priorities for the midterm elections.
Half (51 percent) of all voters and more than half of Democratic (60 percent) and independent (55 percent) voters say the issue is extremely important for candidates to talk about.
Strangely, Republican voters (37 percent say healthcare is extremely important) are more concerned about fraud in government programs (55 percent say this is extremely important).
Threat to innovation and the economy
The Hoover Institution has estimated that a suite of proposed policies from the Trump Administration, including the new final rule just announced to restrict the length of stay for international students, will reduce this pipeline for STEM talent by at least a third.
This will mean a less skilled American workforce, slower growth, and an economy smaller by about US$240 billion to US$481 billion per year.
The pipeline of international students authorised to work in the United States for postgraduation practical training is the single largest source of high-skilled foreign talent into the American economy.
Foreign-born professionals account for 30 percent of the entire high-skilled US STEM workforce – and of these, about 63 percent first arrived as international students.
[This is how I entered the United States, on a J1 visa as a postdoctoral student in microbiology.]
“A new golden age for science”
A new report to the President from the Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy, announces that: “Though our investments in research have grown, scientific productivity has slowed. We have become dependent on a narrow set of legacy institutions.
“Our incentive structures reward conformity over bold inquiry. And the capacity that once turned American discoveries into American strength has eroded, undermined by decades of industrial offshoring.”
It then puts forward recommendations for the entire scientific and technological ecosystem, across government, academia, philanthropy, and industry.
This includes four over-arching goals:
- The research system should prioritise the individual scientist over legacy institutions.
- The Federal Government should fundamentally change how research dollars are allocated, including new mechanisms that allow reviewers to champion radically unconventional proposals.
- The Federal Government should set clear scientific goals and build the industrial muscle to translate scientific discovery into technological strength, reuniting the work of discovery and manufacturing across the country.
- The research enterprise must prepare for the AI revolution.
There have been mixed reactions to the report from scientists and researchers who note that the report “lacks internal coherence” and that the vision contrasts with the Administration’s budget cuts to academic research and political damage to universities, scientific institutions and diversity programs.
Grants cut
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) cut dozens of grants this month with a batch of termination notices to researchers, many of whom have had their funding stalled for months.
The termination letters stated that AHRQ “is adjusting its discretionary health services research award portfolio in order to better prioritise agency resources”.
The broad areas of research in these terminated grants encompass the core challenges to American healthcare: primary care research is the single largest topic among terminated grants, followed by paediatric care, aging/geriatrics, and rural/access-to-care research.
Funding cuts and firings mean AHRQ has been left with some 20 percent of its staff, and meetings to review grants have not been held since February 2025.
Medical groups, including the Society of General Internal Medicine, have filed federal lawsuits against Kennedy and HHS, alleging unlawful impoundment of congressionally appropriated AHRQ funds.
AHRQ’s US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has been targeted by Kennedy.
The USPSTF was created in 1984 to evaluate evidence and issue recommendations on a range of essential health services, including cancer screening. Its recommendations help determine insurance coverage for preventive services without copayments under the Affordable Care Act.
Half of the USPSTF positions – eight of 16 – are now vacant, and its meetings have been cancelled.
Diarrhoeal disease outbreak
The United States is currently in the grip of an outbreak of cyclosporiasis, a severe diarrhoeal disease caused by the cyclospora parasite which has been linked to lettuce grown in Mexico and distributed to fast food outlets.
The disease has now spread to over 40 states and is not yet under control.
It’s hard to get exact figures for the number of people affected, but as of 24 July, the CDC had confirmed or was investigating more than 11,500 cases of cyclosporiasis. This is certainly an under-estimate. By 24 July Michigan’s cyclosporiasis outbreak had already reached 8,176 reported cases.
Part of the trouble with tracing potential sources of the illness is that it can take up to two weeks after exposure for symptoms to appear and not all cases are reported to health authorities.
While most of the blame has been assigned to shredded lettuce grown in Mexico but packaged and distributed to supermarkets and fast food outlets by a big US business, outbreaks in some states have also been linked to parsley and cilantro (fresh coriander).
Naturally there has been lots of speculation as to whether personnel cuts and leadership turmoil at the CDC and FDA might be hindering those agencies’ responses.
Last year it was announced that the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), which used to monitor eight pathogens (including cyclospora), would only monitor salmonella and toxin-producing E. coli. (There’s an interesting analysis of how important this might be – or might not be – here.)
The federal agencies were certainly slow to get across the issue and until last week, Michigan – the hardest-hit state – had largely taken the lead on tracking cases.
My American friends and family – always nervous about food safety – are becoming increasingly paranoid about eating uncooked vegetables and fruit.
I must admit I have resorted to buying head of lettuce and discarding the outer leaves rather than purchasing leaves in plastic shells, even if guaranteed triple washed!
FDA has just announced that an egg-related Salmonella outbreak has sickened nearly 100 people in 17 states. A total of 1.6 million dozen eggs shipped to six states have been recalled.
Peptides in the news
HHS Secretary Kennedy has described himself as a “big fan” of peptides, admitting to using them for personal injuries, and he has vowed to overturn FDA restrictions on their use. These drugs are also popular with wellness influencers and celebrities.
Now the FDA’s Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) – which has several members who own clinics or businesses that sell peptides – has voted in favour of adding six peptides in common use in the community to the list of substances permitted to be made and sold by compounding pharmacies.
The approved peptides are: BPC-157, KPV, and TB-500, used for tissue healing, inflammation, and wound care; MOTS-c used for conditions including metabolic health and osteoporosis; Epitalon and Semax used for longevity and neurological support.
These votes went in the face of FDA scientists who strongly advised that there was not enough evidence demonstrating the safety and efficacy of any of the peptides being considered by the Committee. FDA experts characterised past studies on theses peptides as poorly constructed with small sample sizes and poor selection of control groups.
FDA experts also noted that there was no standardisation of these products within the market, leading many products to carry the same name while having different molecular structures.
Committee members with backgrounds in academia, rather than peptides, mostly voted against the substances, which are widely advertised on social media.
“I’m concerned we’re responding to a market-induced demand rather than a decision based in solid science,” said one medical member of the Committee.
Meanwhile, the states are struggling to protect consumers from gaping holes in the national regulatory system as “wellness clinics” and others look to capitalise on the exploding interest in peptides that promise everything from longevity to weight loss.
Consumers are vulnerable to potentially tainted, dangerous or untested products. Will the new FDA ruling improve this situation? Under the Trump Administration, it’s optimistic to hope that will be the case.
An article in The New York Times (paywalled) says that this Kennedy/MAHA approach to “medical freedom” means that entrepreneurs will surely bank millions. Some patients may find relief but others may be harmed. Compounders are not required to report adverse events for drugs like these to the FDA so the harms may never be accounted for.
In Australia the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has moved to include unapproved peptides in its priority focus areas and to crack down on these, saying an increase in advertising, imports and supply of the unlawful drugs is posing a risk to consumer safety. (This issue is also covered in the latest edition of The Zap).
Harming global health
American actions are undermining global efforts to prevent and treat disease. In a recent New Yorker interview, Dr Atul Gawande, a former leader at the US Agency for International Development (USAID) outlines the human cost of dismantling this agency.
You can listen to this interview or read the transcript here. Although much of this interview is not new news, it is very, very sobering.
Gawande, backed up by recent academic studies (see, for example, this study in The Lancet), says that the decimation of USAID around the globe has been responsible for some seven hundred thousand deaths, and that number will likely ascend into the seven figures.
He details how one of the big losses from the dismantling of USAID is the loss of data. And Trump officials are not willing to look at future projections. Also, as Gawande points out, if childhood mortality increases by one percent, this does not show up in mass graves and so backward steps are hard to recognise.
The New York Times reports on a new survey, conducted by the HIV charity amfAR, that finds the Trump Administration’s cuts and changes to the PEPFAR program last year resulted in sharp drops in both prevention efforts and treatment for the people most at risk from the disease.
Delayed or terminated awards in 2025 caused these organisations to shut down at least 1,700 sites that had delivered HIV services, and to lay off more than 16,000 workers, the survey found.
To comply with the Trump Administration’s policies, three-quarters of the organisations stopped providing services to those at highest risk from HIV – sex workers, men who have sex with men, transgender people, and people who inject drugs.
The same article in The New York Times also reported that PEPFAR cuts had disproportionately affected children with HIV: about 77,000 fewer children received treatment in 2025 than in the previous year.
Ebola update
Ebola is not upfront in this edition of The Health Wrap, and sadly it seems that the world’s media political leaders have lost interest.
But the toll of the epidemic continues.
More than 3,075 total cases and 1,354 deaths have been reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
As of 26 July, the number of cases had risen 27 percent in a week and Al Jazeera reports a leading public health consultant as saying the virus is “spreading like a wildfire”.
The virus has reached the refugee camps in Ituri Province, the epicenter of the Ebola outbreak. In unsanitary conditions, with scarce water supplies, it is now spreading among the more than a million displaced Congolese.
There are increased safety fears in the worst affected areas with attacks on health facilities and healthcare workers.
Now there are reports that healthcare workers and security staff at the Elikya Ebola Treatment Center in Bunia, Ituri province, have stopped work, protesting that unpaid bonuses are undermining morale and disrupting patient care.
Seven American aid workers are under quarantine at the US Kenya Ebola facility. They are currently banned from returning to the US.
The aid workers are the first known people to quarantine at the facility, which has sparked huge opposition in Kenya and is at the subject of a legal case regarding its construction.
Writing in MedPage Today, Professor Larry Gostin from Georgetown University states that the CDC’s “Do Not Board” rule (which forbids these Americans from returning home while possibly infected) undermines the Ebola response and is both unconstitutional and ineffective.
In case you missed it
Placenta treatments for wounds and burns
A recent article in The New York Times (there is a paywall) alerted me to the increasing recognition of the roles placenta-derived grafts can play in wound treatment.
They can reduce pain and inflammation, heal burns, prevent the formation of scar tissue and adhesions around surgical sites and chronic wounds and restore vision.
Placental grafts are made up of immunologically privileged cells and are basically not rejectable. They also contain proteins and sugars that spur patients’ cells to multiply quickly.
Long COVID toll
More than 15,000 post-COVID patients in the Netherlands have been officially declared fully or partially disabled by the Employee Insurance Agency (UWV).
At separate study by the Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB) found that two years after infection, nearly a quarter of workers who had COVID-19 were still on long-term disability, with older employees disproportionately affected.
Knee surgery not always the solution
A Finnish study shows that arthroscopic surgery for knee pain due to torn and degenerative cartilage does not help more than physical therapy.
Researchers followed patients for ten years after they received either the actual procedure, arthroscopic knee surgery to trim degenerative cartilage tears, or merely “sham surgery” – a skin incision – for knee pain.
They found that the surgery provided little or no benefit and was, in fact, associated with accelerated osteoarthritis and higher rates of reoperation. That generally meant a total knee replacement.
Arthroscopic rates in Finland have dropped 90 percent over the past decade.
Mosquitos and malaria are an airport threat
Four employees in the baggage handling department at Frankfurt Airport, Germany, were confirmed to have contracted malaria earlier this month.
The infections were attributed to Anopheles mosquito/s presumed to have been imported via an intercontinental flight; the precise origin of the flight had not yet been determined as of the time of reporting.
These are not the first such cases to be reported. A marked seasonal pattern has been observed across European countries, with malaria cases increasing during and immediately after the summer holiday months of July through September.
A multi-year European study recorded 145 such airport-linked cases between 1969 and 2024 across nine countries, with roughly one-third occurring in the final years of that span, demonstrating a slow rise.
Measles cases in the United States set a depressing record
2026 is already the worst year for measles in the United States since the turn of the century.
The CDC acknowledges 2,310 confirmed cases so far this year (as of 24 July), up from 2,289 in 2025. That’s the highest number since 1991, with more cases in the past two years than in every previous year since the turn of the century combined.
The US was declared measles-free in 2000 – it now looks certain to lose that designation.
An analysis by Propublica shows that the measles virus seen in Utah as recently as May is very closely related to one that circulated in Texas a year ago. That means it will be very difficult for US officials to prove that measles isn’t endemic.
Updates to news previously covered
Some quick notes about some issues previously addressed.
Good news about caffeine
The latest science points to good news for your caffeine habit: coffee and tea – but not energy drinks – are linked to health benefits.
Multiple sclerosis drugs saved from being axed from PBS
Two drugs to treat multiple sclerosis will stay on the PBS after the manufacturers and the Albanese Government reached agreements over prices.
The arrival of smallpox in Australia and its impact on First Nations people
There are several new pieces of information here. Smithsonian Magazine reports on recent research published in Nature Human Behaviour indicates that the devastating 1789 smallpox outbreak in Australia likely originated from vials of dried smallpox scabs brought by surgeons on the First Fleet and use for variolation / vaccination.
Another new paper (in preprint) by mostly the same researchers, finds that pre-colonial Australia was home to millions more Aboriginal people than earlier estimates, which suggests the death toll from smallpox was also probably much higher than previously thought.
Their modelling reveals that Sydney’s 1789 smallpox outbreak killed as many as 220,000 Indigenous Australians.
This research was also reported at The Conversation: Sydney’s 1789 smallpox epidemic came from the First Fleet and killed up to 220,000 Indigenous Australians: new research.
Indigenous health news
New data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare shows declining cancer incidence and mortality among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
It’s good to see that the AIHW has significantly expanded its Cancer data in Australia report, to provide detailed national estimates of cancer incidence, mortality and survival for First Nations people.
Lung cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer, followed by prostate, breast, bowel cancer and melanoma.
Some unacceptable disparities remain: lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among First Nations people, accounting for an estimated 26 percent of all cancer deaths, compared with 17 percent across the total population.
And First Nations people are twice as likely as non-Indigenous Australians to be diagnosed with cancers associated with poor prognosis, including lung, liver and pancreatic cancers. You can read more here.
Best of Croakey
Croakey editor Jason Staines has reviewed dozens of submissions to a national inquiry into racism, hate and violence and hate directed at First Nations people conducted by the Joint Parliamentary Committee on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs.
He identifies common threads and clear recommendations for action.
And he warns: “If the broad consensus reflected in the submissions is to translate into lasting change, health organisations, professional bodies, and Aboriginal community-controlled organisations are likely to face the longer challenge of keeping pressure on governments to implement the reforms they have so consistently called for.”
It’s a sobering message and a reminder that a submission to the inquiry is merely the beginning of the long-term, cooperative work that is needed to deliver the changes and visions outlined.
The good news story
I read this essay in MedPage Today on how real and meaningful care is about what happens in the moments between medical treatments and that healthcare workers’ humanity is what carries people through the times of health crisis.
I thought I would share it; it’s a lovely homage to why and when small things matter.
Some of the moments described by the author:
“I remember the nurse who became familiar after repeat visits to the hospital for my daughter. She brought me a blanket before I ever asked because she had noticed that I was always cold.
“I remember healthcare workers quietly acknowledging the frustrations of the system we were all navigating. They could not always fix the barriers, but they could recognise them. Sometimes that mattered almost as much.”
Read more here.
Croakey thanks and acknowledges Dr Lesley Russell for providing this column as a probono service to our readers. Follow her on Twitter at @LRussellWolpe.
Previous editions of The Health Wrap can be read here.
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